FIDIC bo'yicha Disruption Claims: productivity loss qanday baholanadi

Disruption claim - productivity loss uchun talab. U delay claim bilan bir xil emas. Contractor loyiha completion date o’zgarmasa ham, ish unumdorligi pasaygani sababli pul yo’qotishi mumkin.

Shu sababli disruption ko’p yutqaziladi: uni EOT yoki prolongation claim kabi isbotlashga urinishadi. Mantiq esa boshqa.

Delay vs disruption

Delay savoli: completion yoki critical path o’zgardimi?

Disruption savoli: nima uchun aniq ish turi kamroq samarali bajarildi va bu qanday direct cost keltirdi?

Masalan, concrete works programme bo’yicha davom etadi, lekin late drawings, restricted access va doimiy resequencing sababli crew bir shift ichida kamroq hajm bajaradi. Completion o’zgarmasligi mumkin, lekin labour va equipment cost oshadi.

Bu har doim EOT emas. Bu productivity loss bo’lishi mumkin.

Disruption claim nimani isbotlaydi

Minimal elementlar:

1. Normal yoki expected productivity.
2. Compensable disruptive event.
3. Actual productivity loss.
4. Event va loss o’rtasidagi causation.
5. Additional direct cost hisob-kitobi.

“Biz planned man-hoursdan ko’proq sarfladik” deyish yetarli emas. Nega bu overrun aniq disruptive event natijasi, contractor inefficiencysi emas - shu tushuntirilishi kerak.

Measured Mile nega kuchli

Measured Mile affected workni shu loyiha ichidagi comparable unaffected work bilan solishtiradi.

Uning kuchi shundaki, tender normasi haqidagi bahs kamayadi. Tomonlar original estimate realmi degan savoldan ko’ra, bir contractorning comparable sharoitdagi actual performanceini ko’radi.

Metod ishlashi uchun:

• affected va unaffected periods bo’yicha yetarli data;
• works haqiqatan comparable;
• scope, crew composition, location, weather va access comparisonni buzmasligi;
• boshqa productivity loss sabablari chiqarib tashlanishi kerak.

Clean measured mile bo’lmasa, modified approach ishlatilishi mumkin, lekin ehtiyotkor va ochiq tushuntirish kerak.

Qaysi records kerak

Productivity loss claimga faqat letters emas, production data kerak:

• crew va activity bo’yicha daily reports;
• manpower and equipment logs;
• shift/day/week bo’yicha quantities installed;
• location-based progress records;
• work area va activityga bog’langan photos;
• RFI va design response logs;
• access permits, handover dates, interface registers;
• stacking of trades, resequencing, waiting time records;
• labour, plant va subcontractors cost records.

Records faqat “umumiy progress” darajasida bo’lsa, productivity lossni isbotlash juda qiyin.

Total cost xavfi

Total cost approach actual costni tender cost bilan solishtirib, farqni talab qiladi. Bu qulay, lekin odatda zaif: pricing errors, contractor inefficiency, market, weather, scope changes va Employer eventsni aralashtiradi.

Modified total cost faqat contractor original estimate reasonable ekanini, o’z xatolarini ajratganini, unrelated eventsni chiqarganini va aniqroq metod imkonsizligini ko’rsata olsa kuchliroq bo’ladi.

Boshlanish uchun event-by-event yoki Measured Mile analysis odatda yaxshiroq.

EOT va prolongation bilan bog’liqlik

Disruption EOT bilan birga mavjud bo’lishi mumkin, lekin bu alohida heads of claim.

• EOT delay damagesdan himoya qiladi.
• Disruption specific works efficiency lossni qoplaydi.
• Prolongation cost projectda uzoqroq qolish bilan bog’liq, output per resource pasayishi bilan emas.

Shuning uchun disruption EOT analysis va prolongation costsdan ajratilishi kerak.

FAQ

Disruptive event critical pathda bo’lishi shartmi?

Yo’q. Productivity loss completion datega ta’sirsiz ham financial claim bo’lishi mumkin. Lekin causation va quantum baribir isbotlanadi.

Tender productivitydan foydalanish mumkinmi?

Mumkin, lekin u Measured Milega qaraganda zaifroq. Tender normasi optimistik yoki commercial underpriced deb tanqid qilinishi mumkin.

Data kam bo’lsa nima qilish kerak?

Available recordsga mos metodni halol tanlash va limitationsni ochish kerak. Keng, lekin zaif claimdan ko’ra tor, yaxshi isbotlangan claim foydaliroq.

Bridge Consult disruptionni delaydan ajratish, productivity loss metodini tanlash va claim evidence yetarliligini tekshirishda yordam beradi.

Sources and further reading

• Society of Construction Law, Delay and Disruption Protocol, 2nd Edition, February 2017.
• HKA, The distinction between disruption and prolongation claims, 2021.
• FIDIC, Conditions of Contract for Construction, 2017 edition.
• Shuningdek qarang: Claims substantiation va EOT va delay analysis.